Acid-base disorders are pathologic changes in carbon dioxide partial pressure (Pco2) or serum bicarbonate (HCO3−) that typically produce abnormal arterial pH values. Acidemia is serum pH < 7.35. Alkalemia is serum pH > 7.45. Acidosis refers to physiologic processes that cause acid accumulation or alkali loss.

2024年9月23日 · PHYSIOLOGY AND ASSESSMENT OF ACID-BASE STATUS. Each day, adults generate large amounts of acids that must be expired, excreted, metabolized to noncharged neutral molecules, and/or buffered to avoid fatal acidemia. These acids are of three major classes:

The presence of a normal pH with abnormal pCO2 and bicarbonate suggests a mixed acid-base disorder with counterbalancing acidosis and alkalosis. The pCO2 and serum bicarbonate typically move in parallel with an isolated acid-base disorder; both are high OR both are low. For example, a respiratory acidosis will have an increased pCO2 with a ...

2024年11月8日 · The blood gas is used to rapidly assess ventilatory function and identify acid-base disorders – and will also generally provide point-of-care testing of a number of values such as electrolytes, blood glucose and haemoglobin.

In this article, we aim to provide the reader with an overview of the key concepts necessary for developing a good working understanding of acid-base disorders that commonly present in clinical medicine. We start with some acid-base disorder definitions and then provide a series of case vignettes to illustrate the key points. Case for consideration

2014年10月9日 · Accurate and timely interpretation of an acid–base disorder can be lifesaving, but the establishment of a correct diagnosis may be challenging. 1 The three major methods of quantifying...

Acid–base imbalance is an abnormality of the human body's normal balance of acids and bases that causes the plasma pH to deviate out of the normal range (7.35 to 7.45).

Disorders of acid-base involve the complex interplay of many organ systems including brain, lungs, kidney, and liver. Compensations for acid-base disturbances within the brain are more complete, while limitations of compensations are more apparent for most systemic disorders.

Acid-base changes in metabolic versus respiratory disorders. Each acid-base disorder leads to countering respira-tory or renal compensatory responses that attempt to normalize the pH. In metabolic acidosis, for example, ventilation is increased, resulting in a decrease in PCO2, which tends to raise the pH toward normal.

Disorders of acid–base balance are classified according to their cause, and the direction of the pH change, into respiratory acidosis, metabolic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, or metabolic alkalosis. You might find these chapters and articles relevant to this topic.