The rates of biological primary production before the emergence of atmospheric oxygen on Earth are thought to be low. However, mudstones from the Archean Era contain a high organic matter content, ...

PDV1 was thought to work corporately with PDV2 to recruit ARC5 to the chloroplast division site in the cytosol. However, we found that the major role of PDV1 is to interact with and regulate the ...

Rotbarth et al. suggest that the current bimodal distribution of tree cover—dense forests (>60% cover) and sparse woodlands (<15% cover)—could transition to a more uniform “open forest” state with 30 ...

Every year, US dairy producers churn out billions of pounds of cheese—over 14 billion in 2023 alone. As that cheese heads to market, producers must contend with what’s left behind: roughly 6 billion ...

Edited by Anne C. Hart, Brown University, Providence, RI; received August 29, 2024; accepted December 19, 2024 by Editorial Board Member Yishi Jin ...

This study offers important insights into KIF1A-associated neurological disorder (KAND), a group of neurological disorders connected to KIF1A, a microtubule-based motor protein responsible for axonal ...

In PNAS, Mughal et al. describe a mechanism—termed electro-Ca 2+ coupling—that links electrical and Ca 2+ signaling in ECs and has implications for the control of cerebral blood flow. This work was ...

We welcome Emery-Wetherell’s (1) comments on our study of the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation in northeast China (2). Detailed attention to taphonomy of this assemblage, especially the ...

Edited by Anthony Leggett, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; received October 25, 2024; accepted December 4, 2024 ...

Camouflage, including coloration that matches the environmental background, can help predators evade detection as they approach prey. Compared with camouflage that occurs in the daytime, nocturnal ...

In the summer of 1977, Yosef Shiloh, then a graduate student, visited an Israeli Moroccan Jewish family with several children affected by ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T), a rare and complex genetic ...

The return of Mars samples to Earth is among the most ambitious goals of the spaceflight programs of the National Air and Space Administration (NASA) and the European Space Agency (ESA). Preparing for ...