X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a powerful technique widely used for the surface analysis of materials. At low energy resolution it provides qualitative and quantitative information on the ...

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is widely used for characterizing the uppermost 10 nm of a materials surface. Also called electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), the analytical ...

The PHI 5800 X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) is equipped with a dual source anode (Al and Mg), a hemispherical analyzer for XPS and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) analysis, including ...

XPS relies on the photoelectric effect, where irradiating a material with X-rays causes the emission of core electrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is measured, which can be directly ...

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X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) is one of the most popular surface analysis methods because it can be used on a broad range of materials and it supplies highly useful chemical data on the ...